|
Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre
|
|
|
|
Systématique (up)
Chaque "génération" de l'arbre philogénétique porte un nom :
| ORDRE |
Primates
|
|||||
| SOUS ORDRE |
Haplorhiniens
|
(Strepsirhiniens)
|
||||
| INFRAORDRE |
Simiiformes
|
(Tarsiiformes)
|
||||
| SOUS INFRAORDRE |
Cathariniens
|
(Platyrhiniens)
|
||||
| SUPER FAMILLE |
Hominoïdés
|
Cynomorphes
|
|
|||
| FAMILLE |
Hominidés
|
Pongidés
|
Hylobatidés
|
Cercopithécidés
|
||
| SOUS FAMILLE |
Homo
|
Orang Outan
Gorilles Chimpanzés |
Gibbons
|
Colobinés
|
Cercopithèques | |
| GENRE |
Colobes
Nasiques |
Babouins Macaques |
||||
Pour la généalogie "complète" (bien sûr que non !) suivez ce lien
La fièvre jaune (up)
A l’heure où l’on parle beaucoup de fièvre aphteuse je n’ai malheureusement pas pu trouver son génome... Il faudra vous contenter de son cousin le virus de la fièvre jaune (Yellow fever virus strain Trinidad 79A isolate 788379, complete genome)
LOCUS AF094612 10760 bp RNA VRL08-NOV-1998
DEFINITION Yellow fever virus strain Trinidad 79A isolate 788379, complete genome.
ACCESSION AF094612
NID g3851161
SOURCE Yellow fever virus.
ORGANISM Yellow fever virus
Viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage; Flaviviridae;
Flavivirus; Yellow fever virus group.
Translation
"MSGRKAQGKTLGVNMVRRGVRSLSNKIKQKTKQIGNRPGPSRGVQGFIFFFLFNILTGKKITAQLKRLWKMLDPRQGLAALRKV
KRVVAGLMRGLSSRKRRSHDVLTVQFLILGMLLMTGGVTLMRKNRWLLLNVTSEDLGKTFSIGTGNCTTNILEAKYWCPDSMEYN
CPNLSPREEPDDIDCWCYGVENVRVTYGKCDSAGRSRRSRRAIDLPTHENHGLKTRQEKWMTGRMGERQLQKIERWFVRNPFFAV
TALTIAYLVGSNMTQRVVIALLVLAVGPAYSAHCIGVADRDFIEGVHGGTWVSATLEQDKCVTVMAPDKPSLDISLETVAIDGPV
EARKVCYNAVLTHVKIDDKCPSTGEAHLAEENEGDNACKRTYSDRGWGNGCGLFGKGSIVACAKFTCAKSMSLFEVDQTKIQYVI
KAQLHVGAKQEDWKTDIKTLKFDVLSGSQEAEFTGYGKVTLECQVQTAVDFGNSYIAEMEKESWIVDRQWAQDLTLPWQSGSGGV
WREMHHLVEFEPPHAATIRVLALGDQEGSLKTALTGAMRVTKDTNDNNLYKLHGGHVSCRVKLSALTLKGTSYKMCTDKMSFVKN
PTDTGHGTVVMQVKVPKGAPCKIPVIVADDLTAAINKGILVTVNPIASTNDDEVLIEVNPPFGDSYIIIGTGDSRLTYQWHKEGS
SIGKLFTQTMKGAERLAVMGDAAWDFSSAGGFFTSVGKGIHTVFGSAFQGLFGGLNWITKVIMGAVLIWVGFNTRNMTMSMSMIL
VGVIMMFLSLGVGADQGCAINFGKRELKCGDGIFIFRDSDDWLNKYSYYPEDPVKLASIVKASFEEGKCGLNSVDSLEHEMWRSR
ADEINAILEENEVDISVVVQDPKNVYQRGTHPFSRIRDGLQYGWKTWGKNLVFSPGRKNGSFIIDGKSRKECPFSNRVWNSFQIE
EFGTGVFTTRVYMDAVFEYTIDCDGSILGAAVNGKKSAHGSPTFWMGSHEVNGTWMIHTLEALDYKECEWPLTHTIGTSVEESEM
FMPRSIGGPVSSHNHIPGYKVQTNGPWMQVPLEVKREACPGTSVIIDGNCDGRGKSTRSTTDSGKIIPEWCCRSCTMPPVSFHGS
DGCWYPMEIRPMKTHESHLVRSWVTAGEIHAVPFGLVSMMIAMEVVLRKRQGPKQVLVGGVVLLGAMLVGQVTLLDLLELTVAVG
LHFHEMNNGGDAMYMALIAAFSVRPGLLIGFGLRTLWSPRERLVLALGAAMVEIALGGMMGGLWKYLNAVSLCILTINAVASRKA
SNAILPLMALLTPVTMAEVRLATMLFCTVVIIGVLHQNSKDTSMQKTIPLVALTLTSYLGLTQPFLGLCAFLATRIFGRRSIPVN
EALAATGLVGVLAGLAFQEMENFLGPIAVGGILMMLVSVAGRVDGLELKKLGEVSWEEEAEISGSSARYDVALSEQGEFKLLSEE
KVPWDQVVMTSLALVGAAIHPFALLLVLAGWLFHVRRARRSGDVLWDIPTPKIIEECEHLEDGIYGIFQSTFLGASQRGVGVAQG
GVFHTMWHVTRGAFLVWNGKKLIPSWASVKEDLVAYGGSWKLEGRWDGEEEVQLIAAAPGKNVVNVQTKPSLFKVRNGGEIGAVA
LDYPSGTSGSPIVNRNGEVIGLYGNGILVGDNSFVSAISQTEVKEEGKEELQEIPTMLKKGKTTILDFHPGAGKTRRFLPQILAE
CARRRLRTLVLAPTRVVLSEMKEAFHGLDVKFHTQAFSAHGSGREVIDVMCHATLTYRMLEPTRIVNWEVIIMDEAHFLDPASIA
ARGWAAHRARANESATILMTATPPGTSDEFPHSNGEIEDVQTDIPSEPWNTGHDWILADKRPTAWFLPSIRAANVMAASLRKAGK
SVVVLNRKTFEREYPTIKQKKPDFILATDIAEMGANLCVERVLDCRTAFKPVLVDEGRKVAIKGPLRISASSAAQRRGRIGRNPN
RDGDSYYYSEPTSEDNAHHVCWLEASMLLDNMEVRGGMVAPLYGVEGIKTPVSPGEMRLRDDQRKVFRELVRNCDLPVWLSWQVA
KAGLKTNDRKWCFEGPEEHEILNDSGETVKCRAPGGAKKPLRPRWCDERVSSDQSALSEFIKFAEGRRGAADVLVVLSELPDFLA
KKGGEAMDTISVFLHSEEGSRAYRNALSMMPEAMTIVMLFLLAGLLTSGMVIFFMSPKGISRMSMAKGTMAGCGYLMFLGGVEPT
HISYIMLIFFVLMVVVIPEPGQQRSIQDNQVAFLIIGILTLVSVVAANELGMLEKTKEDLFGKKNLIPSGASPWSWPDLDLKPGA
AWTVYVGIVTMLSPMLHHWIKVEYGNLSLSGIAQSASVLSFMDKGIPFMKMNISVIMLLVSGWNSITVMPLLCGIGCAMLHWSLI
LPGIKAQQSKLAQRRVFHGVAKNPVVDGNPTVDIEEAPEMPALYEKKLALYLLLALSLASVAMCRTPFSLDEGIVLASAALGPLI
EGNTSLLWNGPMAVSMTGVMRGNYYAFVGVAYNLWKMKTARRGTANGKTLGEVWKRELNLLDKQQFELYKRTDIVEVDRDTARRH
LAEGKVDTGVAVSRGTAKLRWFHERGYVKLEGRVIDLGCGRGGWCYYAAAQKEVSGVKGFTLGRDGHEKPMNVQSLGWNIITFKD
KTDVHPLEPVKCDTLLCDIGESSSSSVTEGERTVRVLDTVEKWLACGVDNFCVKVLAPYMRDVLEKLELLQRRFGGTVIRNPLSR
NSTHEMYYVSGARSNVTFTVNQTSRLLMRRMRRPTGKVTLEADVTLPIGTRSVETDKGPLDKEAIKERVERIKSEYMTSWFYDND
NPYRTWHYCGSYVTKTSGSAASMVNGVIKLLTYPWDKIEEVTRMAMTDTTPFGQQRVFKEKVDTRAKDPPAGTRKIMKVVNRWLF
RHLAREKNPRLCTKEEFIAKVRSHAAIGAYLEEQDQWKTANEAVQDPKFWELVDEERKLHQQGRCRTCVYNMMGKREKKLSEFGK
AKGSRAIWYMWLGARYLEFEALGFLNEDHWASRENSGGGVEGIGLQYLGYVIRDLAAMDGGGLYADDTAGWDTRITEADLDDEQE
ILNYMSPHHKKLAQAVMEMTYKNKVVKVLRPAPGGKAYMDVISRRDQRGSGQVVTYALNTITNLKVQLIRMAEAEMVIHHQHVQD
CDESVLTRLEAWLTEHGCDRLRRMAVSGDDCVVRPIDDRFGLALSHLNAMSKVRKDISEWQPSKGWNDWENVPFCSHHFHELQLK
DGRRIVVPCREQDELIGRGRVSPGNGWMIKETACLSKAYANMWSLMYFHKRDMRLLSLAVSSAVPTSWVPQGRTTWSIHGKGEWM
TTEDRLEVWNRVWITNNPHMQDKTMVKEWRDVPYLTKRQDKLCGSLIGMTNRATWASNIHLVIHRIRTLVGQEKYTDYLTVMDRY
SVDADLQPGELI"
BASE COUNT 2940 a2293 c3050 g2477 t
1 agtaaatcct gtgtgctaat tgaggtgcat tggtctgcaa atcgagttgc taggcaataa
61 acacatttgg attaatttta atcgttcgtt gagcgattag cagagaactg accagaacat
121 gtctggtcgt aaagctcagg ggaaaaccct gggcgtcaat atggtacgac gaggagttcg
181 ctccttgtca aacaaaataa aacaaaaaac aaaacaaatt ggaaacagac ctggaccttc
241 aagaggcgtt caaggattta tctttttctt cttgttcaac attttgactg gaaaaaagat
301 cacggcccaa ctaaagaggt tgtggaaaat gctggaccca agacaaggct tggctgctct
361 aaggaaagtt aaaagagtgg ttgccggttt gatgagagga ttgtcctcaa ggaaacgccg
421 ttcccatgat gttctgactg tgcaattcct aattttggga atgctgttga tgacgggtgg
481 agtgaccttg atgcggaaga atagatggtt gctcctaaat gtgacatctg aggacctcgg
541 gaaaacattc tctataggca caggcaactg cacaacaaac attttggaag ccaagtactg
601 gtgcccagac tcaatggaat acaactgtcc caatctcagt ccaagagagg agccagatga
661 cattgattgc tggtgttatg gagtggagaa cgttagagtc acatatggta agtgtgactc
721 agcaggcagg tctaggaggt caagaagggc cattgacttg cctacgcatg aaaatcatgg
781 tttgaagacc cggcaagaaa aatggatgac tggaagaatg ggtgaaaggc aactccaaaa
841 gatcgagaga tggttcgtga ggaacccctt ttttgcagtg acagctctga ccattgccta
901 ccttgtggga agcaacatga cgcaacgagt cgtgattgcc ctactggtct tggctgttgg
961 tccggcctac tcagctcact gcattggagt tgctgacagg gatttcattg agggggtgca
1021 tggaggaact tgggtctcag ccaccctgga gcaagacaag tgtgtcactg ttatggcccc
1081 tgacaagcct tcattggaca tctcactaga gacagtagcc attgatggac ctgttgaggc
1141 gaggaaagtg tgttacaatg cagttctcac tcatgtgaag attgatgaca agtgccccag
1201 cactggagag gcccacctag ctgaagagaa cgaaggggac aatgcgtgca agcgcactta
1261 ttctgataga ggctggggca atggctgtgg cctatttggg aaaggaagca ttgtggcatg
1321 cgccaaattc acttgtgcca aatccatgag tttgtttgag gttgatcaga ccaagattca
1381 gtatgttatc aaagcacaat tgcatgtagg ggccaagcag gaagattgga aaaccgacat
1441 taagactctc aagtttgatg tcctgtcagg ctcccaggaa gccgagttca ctgggtatgg
1501 aaaagttaca ctggaatgcc aggtgcaaac tgcggtggac tttggtaaca gttacatcgc
1561 tgagatggaa aaagagagct ggatagtgga cagacagtgg gcccaggact tgaccctgcc
1621 atggcagagt ggaagtggcg gggtgtggag agagatgcat catcttgtcg aatttgaacc
1681 tccgcatgcc gccactatca gagtactggc cctgggagac caggaaggct ccttgaaaac
1741 tgctcttacc ggcgcaatga gggttacaaa ggacacaaat gacaacaacc tttacaaact
1801 acatggtgga catgtttctt gcagagtgaa attgtcagct ttgacactca aggggacatc
1861 ctacaaaatg tgcactgaca aaatgtcttt tgtcaagaac ccaactgaca ctggtcatgg
1921 cactgttgtg atgcaggtga aagtgccaaa aggagccccc tgcaagattc cagtgatagt
1981 agctgatgac cttacagcgg caatcaataa aggcattttg gttacagtta accccatcgc
2041 ctcaaccaat gatgatgaag tgctgattga ggtgaaccca ccttttggag atagctacat
2101 tatcattggg acaggagatt cacgtctcac ttaccagtgg cacaaagagg gaagctcaat
2161 aggaaagttg ttcactcaga ccatgaaagg cgcggaacgc ctggccgtca tgggagacgc
2221 cgcctgggat ttcagctccg ctggagggtt cttcacctcg gttgggaaag gaattcatac
2281 ggtgtttggc tctgcctttc aggggctatt tggtggcttg aactggataa caaaggtcat
2341 catgggggcg gtactcatat gggttggctt caacacaaga aacatgacaa tgtccatgag
2401 catgatcctg gtaggagtga tcatgatgtt tttgtctcta ggagttgggg cggatcaagg
2461 atgcgccatc aactttggca agagagagct taagtgcgga gatggtatct tcatattcag
2521 agactctgat gactggttga acaagtactc atattatcca gaagatcctg tgaagcttgc
2581 atcaatagtg aaagcctctt ttgaagaagg gaagtgtggc ctaaattcag ttgactccct
2641 tgagcatgag atgtggagaa gcagggcaga tgagatcaat gccattcttg aggaaaacga
2701 ggtggacatt tctgttgtcg tgcaggatcc aaagaatgtt taccagagag gaactcatcc
2761 attctccaga attcgggatg gtctgcagta tggttggaag acttggggta agaaccttgt
2821 gttctcccca gggaggaaga atggaagctt catcatagat ggaaagtcca ggaaagaatg
2881 cccgttttca aaccgggtct ggaattcttt ccagatagag gagtttggga cgggagtgtt
2941 caccacacgc gtgtacatgg acgcagtctt tgaatacacc atagactgtg atggatctat
3001 cttgggtgca gcggtgaacg gaaaaaagag tgcccatggc tctccaacat tttggatggg
3061 aagtcatgaa gtaaatggga catggatgat ccacaccttg gaggcattag actacaagga
3121 gtgtgagtgg ccactgacac atacgattgg aacatcagtt gaagagagtg aaatgttcat
3181 gccgagatca atcggaggcc cagttagctc tcacaatcat atccctggat acaaggttca
3241 gacgaacgga ccttggatgc aggtaccact agaagtgaag agagaagctt gcccagggac
3301 cagcgtgatc attgatggca actgtgatgg acggggaaaa tcaaccagat ccaccacgga
3361 tagcgggaaa attattcctg aatggtgttg ccgctcctgc acaatgccgc ctgtgagctt
3421 ccatggtagt gatgggtgtt ggtatcccat ggaaattagg ccaatgaaaa cgcatgaaag
3481 ccatctggtg cgctcctggg ttacagctgg agaaatacat gctgtccctt ttggtttggt
3541 gagcatgatg atagcaatgg aagtggtcct aaggaaaaga cagggaccaa agcaagtgtt
3601 ggttggagga gtcgtgctct taggagcaat gctggtcggg caagtaactc tccttgattt
3661 gctggaactc acagtggctg tggggttgca tttccatgag atgaacaatg gaggagacgc
3721 catgtatatg gcgttgattg ctgccttttc agtcagacca gggctgctca tcggcttcgg
3781 gctcaggacc ctatggagcc ctcgggagcg ccttgtgctg gccttgggag cagccatggt
3841 ggagattgct ttgggtggca tgatgggcgg cctgtggaag tatctaaacg cagtttctct
3901 ctgtatcctg acaataaatg ctgttgcttc taggaaagca tcaaatgcca tcctgcccct
3961 catggctctg ttgacacctg ttactatggc tgaggtgaga cttgccacaa tgctcttttg
4021 taccgtggtt atcatagggg tccttcacca gaactccaag gacacttcca tgcagaagac
4081 tatacctctg gtggccctca cactcacatc ttacctgggc ttgacacaac cttttttggg
4141 cctgtgtgca tttctggcaa cccgcatatt tggtcgaagg agtatcccag tgaatgaggc
4201 gctcgcagca actggtctag tgggagtgct ggcaggactg gcttttcagg agatggagaa
4261 cttccttggt ccgattgcag ttggaggaat cctgatgatg ctggttagcg tggctgggag
4321 ggtggatggt ctagaactca agaagcttgg tgaagtttca tgggaagaag aagcggagat
4381 cagcggaagt tccgcccgct atgatgtggc actcagtgaa caaggggagt tcaagctgct
4441 ttctgaagag aaggtgccat gggaccaggt tgtgatgacc tcgctggcct tggttggggc
4501 tgccattcat ccatttgctc ttctactggt ccttgctggg tggctgtttc atgtcaggag
4561 agctaggaga agtggggatg tcttgtggga cattcccact cctaagatca ttgaggaatg
4621 tgaacatctg gaggatggaa tttatggcat attccagtca accttcttgg gggcctccca
4681 gcgaggagtg ggagtggcac agggaggggt gttccacaca atgtggcatg tcacaagagg
4741 agctttcctt gtttggaatg gcaagaagtt gatcccatct tgggcttcag taaaggaaga
4801 ccttgtcgcc tatggtggct catggaagtt ggaaggcaga tgggatggag aggaagaagt
4861 ccagctgatc gcggctgctc caggaaagaa cgtggtcaac gtccagacaa aaccgagctt
4921 gtttaaagtg aggaatgggg gagaaatcgg ggctgtcgct cttgactatc cgagtggcac
4981 ttcaggatct cctattgtta acaggaacgg agaggtgatt gggctgtacg gcaatggcat
5041 ccttgtcggt gacaactcct tcgtgtccgc catatctcag actgaggtga aggaagaagg
5101 aaaagaggaa ctccaagaga tcccgacaat gctaaagaaa ggaaagacaa ccatccttga
5161 ttttcatcct ggagctggga agacaagacg ttttctcccg cagatcttgg ccgagtgcgc
5221 acggagacgc ttgcgcactc ttgtgttggc ccccaccagg gttgttcttt ctgaaatgaa
5281 ggaggctttt cacggcctgg acgtgaaatt ccacacacag gctttctccg ctcacggcag
5341 cgggagagaa gtcattgatg tcatgtgcca tgccacccta acttacagga tgttggaacc
5401 aactaggatt gttaactggg aagtgatcat catggatgaa gcccattttt tggatccagc
5461 tagcatagcc gccagaggtt gggcagcaca cagagctagg gcaaatgaaa gtgcaacaat
5521 cttgatgaca gccacaccgc ctgggactag tgatgaattt ccacattcaa atggtgaaat
5581 agaggatgtt caaacggaca tacccagtga gccctggaac acagggcatg actggatcct
5641 ggctgacaaa aggcccacgg catggttcct tccatccatc agagctgcaa atgtcatggc
5701 tgcctctttg cgcaaggccg gaaagagtgt ggtggtcctg aacaggaaaa cctttgagag
5761 agaatacccc acgataaagc agaagaaacc tgactttata ttggccactg acatagctga
5821 aatgggagcc aacctttgcg tggagcgagt gctggattgc aggacggctt ttaagcctgt
5881 gcttgtggat gaagggagga aggtggcaat aaaagggcca cttcgcatat ccgcatcctc
5941 tgctgctcaa aggagggggc gcattgggag aaaccccaac agagatggag actcatacta
6001 ctattctgag cctacaagtg aagataatgc ccaccacgtt tgctggttgg aggcctcaat
6061 gctcttggac aacatggagg tgagaggtgg aatggtcgcc ccactctatg gcgttgaagg
6121 aattaaaaca ccagtttccc ctggtgagat gagactgagg gatgaccaga ggaaagtctt
6181 cagagaacta gtgaggaatt gtgacctgcc cgtttggctc tcgtggcaag tggccaaggc
6241 tggtttgaag acgaatgatc gtaagtggtg ttttgaaggc cctgaggaac atgagatctt
6301 gaatgacagc ggtgaaacgg tgaagtgcag ggctcctggg ggagcaaaga aacctctgcg
6361 cccaaggtgg tgtgatgaaa gggtgtcatc tgaccagagt gcgctgtctg aatttattaa
6421 gtttgctgaa ggtaggaggg gagctgcgga cgtgctagtt gtgctgagtg aactccctga
6481 cttcctggct aaaaaaggtg gagaggcaat ggataccatc agtgtgtttc tccactctga
6541 ggaaggctct agggcttacc gcaatgcact atcaatgatg cctgaggcaa tgacaatagt
6601 catgctgttc ttactggctg gactactgac atcgggaatg gtcatctttt tcatgtctcc
6661 caaaggcatc agtagaatgt caatggcgaa aggcacaatg gccggctgcg gatatctcat
6721 gtttcttgga ggcgtggaac ccactcacat ctcctatata atgctcatat tctttgtcct
6781 gatggtggtt gtgatccccg agccagggca acaaaggtcc atccaagaca accaagtggc
6841 attcctcatt attggcatcc tgacgctggt ttcagtagtg gcagccaacg agctaggcat
6901 gctggagaaa accaaagagg acctctttgg gaagaagaac ttaattccat ctggtgcttc
6961 accctggagt tggccggatc ttgacctgaa gccaggagct gcctggacag tgtacgttgg
7021 cattgttaca atgctctctc caatgttgca ccactggatc aaagtcgaat atggcaacct
7081 gtctctgtct ggaatagccc agtcagcctc agtcctttct ttcatggaca aggggatacc
7141 attcatgaag atgaatatct cggtcataat gctgctggtc agtggctgga attcaataac
7201 agtgatgcct ctgctctgtg gcatagggtg tgccatgctc cactggtcac tcattttacc
7261 tggaatcaaa gcgcagcagt caaagcttgc acagagaagg gtgttccatg gcgttgccaa
7321 gaaccctgtg gttgatggga atccaacagt tgacattgag gaagctcctg aaatgcctgc
7381 cctttatgag aagaaactgg ctctatatct ccttcttgct ctcagcctag cttctgttgc
7441 catgtgcaga acgcccttct cattggatga aggcattgtc ctagcatcag ctgccttagg
7501 gccgctcata gagggaaaca ccagccttct ttggaatgga cccatggctg tctccatgac
7561 aggagtcatg cgggggaatt actatgcttt tgtgggagtc gcgtacaatc tatggaagat
7621 gaaaactgca cgccggggga cagcgaatgg aaaaactttg ggtgaagtct ggaagaggga
7681 actgaatctg ttggacaagc aacagtttga gttgtataaa aggaccgaca ttgtggaggt
7741 ggatcgtgat acggcacgca ggcatttggc cgaagggaag gtggacactg gggtggcggt
7801 ctccagaggg accgcaaagt taaggtggtt ccatgagcgt ggctatgtca agctggaagg
7861 tagggtgatt gacctggggt gtggccgcgg aggctggtgt tactacgctg ctgcgcaaaa
7921 ggaagtgagt ggggtcaaag gattcactct tggaagagac ggccatgaga aacccatgaa
7981 tgtgcaaagt ctgggatgga acatcattac cttcaaggac aaaactgatg tccaccccct
8041 agaaccagtg aaatgtgaca cccttttgtg tgacattgga gaatcatcat cgtcatcggt
8101 cacagagggg gaaaggaccg tgagagttct tgatactgta gaaaaatggc tggcttgtgg
8161 ggtggacaac ttctgtgtga aggtgttagc tccatacatg agagatgttc tcgagaaact
8221 ggaattgctc caaaggaggt ttggcggaac agtgatcagg aaccctctct ccaggaattc
8281 cactcatgaa atgtactacg tgtctggagc ccgcagcaat gtcacattta ctgtgaacca
8341 aacatctcgc ctcctgatga ggagaatgag gcgtccaact ggaaaagtta ccctagaggc
8401 tgacgtcacc ctcccaattg ggacacgcag tgttgagaca gataagggac ccctggacaa
8461 agaggccata aaagaaaggg ttgagaggat aaaatctgag tacatgacct cttggtttta
8521 tgacaatgac aacccctaca ggacttggca ctactgtggc tcctatgtca caaaaacctc
8581 aggaagtgcg gcgagcatgg taaatggtgt tattaaactt ctgacatacc catgggacaa
8641 gatagaggag gtcacaagaa tggcaatgac tgacacaacc ccttttggac agcaaagagt
8701 gtttaaagaa aaagttgaca ccagagcaaa ggatccacca gcgggaacca ggaagatcat
8761 gaaagttgtc aacaggtggc tgttccgcca cctggccaga gaaaagaacc ccagactgtg
8821 cacaaaggaa gaatttattg caaaagtccg aagtcatgca gccattggag cttacctgga
8881 agaacaagat cagtggaaga ctgccaacga ggccgtccaa gacccaaagt tctgggaact
8941 ggtggatgaa gaaaggaagc tgcaccaaca aggcaggtgt cggacttgtg tgtacaacat
9001 gatggggaaa agagagaaga agctgtcaga gtttgggaaa gcaaagggaa gccgtgccat
9061 atggtatatg tggctgggag cgcggtatct tgagtttgag gccctgggat tcctgaatga
9121 ggaccattgg gcttccaggg aaaactcagg aggaggagtg gaaggcattg gcttacaata
9181 cctaggatat gtgatcagag acctggctgc aatggatggt ggtggactct acgcggatga
9241 caccgctgga tgggacacgc gcatcacaga ggcagacctt gatgatgaac aggagatctt
9301 gaactacatg agcccacatc acaaaaaact ggcacaagca gtgatggaaa tgacatacaa
9361 gaacaaagtg gtgaaagtgt tgagaccagc cccaggaggg aaagcctaca tggatgtcat
9421 aagtcgacga gaccagagag gatccgggca ggtagtgact tatgctctga acaccatcac
9481 caacttgaaa gtccaattga tcagaatggc agaagcagag atggtgatac atcaccaaca
9541 tgttcaagat tgtgatgaat cagttctgac caggctggag gcatggctca ctgagcacgg
9601 atgtgacaga ctgaggagaa tggcggtgag tggagacgac tgtgtggtcc ggcccatcga
9661 tgacaggttc ggcctggccc tgtcccatct caacgccatg tccaaggtta gaaaggacat
9721 atctgaatgg cagccatcaa aagggtggaa tgattgggag aatgtgccct tctgttccca
9781 ccacttccat gaactacagc tgaaggatgg caggaggatt gtggtgcctt gccgagaaca
9841 ggacgagctc attgggagag gaagggtgtc tccaggaaac ggctggatga tcaaggaaac
9901 agcctgcctc agcaaagcct atgccaacat gtggtcactg atgtattttc acaaaaggga
9961 catgaggctg ttgtcattgg ctgtttcctc agctgttccc acctcatggg ttccacaagg
10021 acgcacaaca tggtcgattc atgggaaagg ggagtggatg accacggaag acaggcttga
10081 ggtgtggaac agagtatgga taaccaacaa cccacacatg caggacaaga caatggtgaa
10141 agaatggaga gatgtccctt atctaaccaa gagacaagac aagctgtgcg gatcactgat
10201 tggaatgacc aatagggcca cctgggcctc caacatccat ttggtcatcc accgtatccg
10261 aacgctagtt ggacaggaga aatatactga ctacctaaca gtcatggaca gatattctgt
10321 ggatgctgac ctacaaccgg gtgagcttat ctgaaatgcc atctaatgaa acagaaaccg
10381 ggataaaaac tacggatgga gaaccggact ccacacattg agacacaaaa agttgtcagc
10441 ccagaactcc acacgagttt tgccactgct aagctgtgag gcagtgcagg ctgggacagc
10501 cgacctccag gttgcgaaaa acctggtttc tgggacctcc caccccagag taaaaagaac
10561 ggagcctccg ctaccaccct cccacgtggt ggtagaaaga cggagtctag aggttagagg
10621 agaccctcca gggaacaaat agtgggacca tattgacgcc agggaaagac cggagtggtt
10681 ctctgctttt cctccggagg tctgtgagca cagtttgctc aagaataagc agacctttgg
10741 atgaaaaaca caaaaccact© Dame Nature
Drogues (up)
benzédrine
(amphétamine)
(-) Tétrahydrocannabinol
Cocaïne
MDMA ou ecstasy
héroïne
nicotine
L’altruisme chez les insectes sociaux (up)
C’est à l’occasion d’une émission sur Arte consacrée aux fourmis que j’ai découvert la sociobiologie et en particulier une théorie amusante sur la vie en société chez les fourmis : la théorie de la sélection de parentèle.
Si chez l’homme l’altruisme peut s’expliquer assez facilement, chez un insecte comme la fourmi c’est déjà moins évident. Et encore plus la transmission de cet altruisme aux générations suivantes. Se sacrifier pour un individu de son espèce ou simplement favoriser sa reproduction paraît contraire au principe de base d’un être vivant qui est celui de la dissémination maximale de son patrimoine génétique. Pourquoi donc un caractère aussi peu favorable pour l’individu que la “bonté” est-il devenu dominant, se transmettant de générations en générations
Deux théories peuvent expliquer ce paradoxe
- la théorie de la sélection de parentèle
- le concept de réciprocité (que je n’aborderai pas ici)
la théorie de la sélection de parentèle part du principe que les fourmis ont un très grand nombre de gènes en commun. Que le frère d’une fourmi ou la fourmi elle-même se reproduise, cela revient donc au même et explique comment l’altruisme a pu se répandre.
Cette théorie est très efficace en pratique et permet d’expliquer plein d’aspect de la vie des insectes sociaux. Les ouvrières et les soldats (qui sont toujours des femelles) devraient se sentir naturellement plus proches des œufs et larves femelles que des mâles. C’est effectivement le cas car on observe qu’elles ont tendance à tuer les œufs et larves mâles.
Ce qui évidemment ne plaît pas du tout à la reine qui voit ses maris potentiels trucidés au fur et à mesure. La nature ayant prévu le coup, la reine contrecarre les pulsions criminelles des ouvrières et soldats en mettant une pellicule prtectrice qui rend méconnaissable les œufs qu’elle pond...Marrant n’est-ce pas ? La sociobiologie, née avec Edward Wilson, souffre malheureusement des amalgames dangereux qui sont faits. Je vous conseille cependant de vous plonger dans les nombreux ouvrages qui existent à ce sujet.
